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防雷工程驗收與防雷市場監管中問題的探討

日期: 2023/8/12 10:20:45     瀏覽人數:

摘要:新時期展開下,建筑物防雷工程檢驗與商場監督作業是保證建筑范疇防雷水平的重要根底,為完善商場環境提高建筑物防雷水平。文章對防雷工程檢驗與施工監督存在問題進行剖析,并結合作業情況探討工程檢驗與商場監管的有用措施。


關鍵詞:防雷工程;工程檢驗;防雷監督(du);商場監督(du)


導言

隨著(zhu)防雷(lei)減災體制變革(ge)(ge)不(bu)斷推(tui)進(jin),檢(jian)驗(yan)商場全面(mian)開放,氣象局堅定不(bu)移、為(wei)加快(kuai)推(tui)進(jin)防雷(lei)減災體制變革(ge)(ge)進(jin)程,防雷(lei)檢(jian)驗(yan)部分能否在變革(ge)(ge)中(zhong)順利完成自我改造(zao)(zao)已成為(wei)當(dang)今熱議的話題。在全面(mian)履行(xing)變革(ge)(ge)的進(jin)程中(zhong),氣象局堅持以“互聯(lian)網+”為(wei)驅動,以行(xing)政法律監管平(ping)臺為(wei)核心,著(zhu)力打造(zao)(zao)一個信息化、智能化、個性化、精約化的防雷(lei)服務移動終端,從而推(tui)動防雷(lei)服務的立異展開。


一  防雷工程檢驗與防雷商場監管中問題剖析


1.防雷工程檢驗中存在的問題


防雷工(gong)程(cheng)檢(jian)驗中,主要有以下幾種情況:

一清晰規定(ding)在防(fang)雷施工(gong)(gong)進(jin)程中(zhong),電(dian)位(wei)箱內必須要設(she)備有6到(dao)(dao)8根(gen)接(jie)入地上的鍍鋅扁鐵。然(ran)而在工(gong)(gong)程檢驗的進(jin)程中(zhong),電(dian)位(wei)箱內設(she)備的鍍鋅扁鐵的數量達不到(dao)(dao)設(she)計需要,施工(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)為了(le)活取得更多的利益偷(tou)工(gong)(gong)減(jian)料;

二依據(ju)防雷(lei)工程的(de)設計要求,電位(wei)箱內應(ying)貼有清晰標(biao)識和(he)分清楚電路(lu)的(de)鏈(lian)接(jie)(jie)情況,還(huan)應(ying)重視防雷(lei)體(ti)系的(de)暖氣接(jie)(jie)地和(he)消防等情況,但實踐操(cao)作中電位(wei)箱內電路(lu)一(yi)片混亂(luan),不易(yi)看出;

三在公共場所(suo)內(nei),要設備有(you)電位箱(xiang),以此來(lai)確(que)保用電安(an)全,以免發生(sheng)安(an)全事端,形成(cheng)巨大(da)的損(sun)失(shi)。在實踐防(fang)雷工(gong)程(cheng)的進程(cheng)中,常常發現設備人(ren)員忽略(lve)電位箱(xiang)的設備;

四建筑工程施工中,應注明設(she)備防(fang)雷工程的(de)部分,清(qing)晰(xi)防(fang)雷設(she)備出(chu)產廠家,清(qing)晰(xi)職責主體。然而在(zai)防(fang)雷工程設(she)備進程中,常常沒(mei)有注明出(chu)產廠商(shang)和施工單(dan)位(wei)。這些問題存在(zai)著很(hen)大的(de)安全危險(xian),如果不及時修正,就會給國家和人民帶(dai)來巨(ju)大的(de)災難。


2.安全管理規章準則不完善


一是(shi)未遵循持(chi)證上崗準則。防(fang)雷單(dan)位應當嚴厲(li)做好職工(gong)的管理作業,嚴厲(li)持(chi)證上崗準則。但是(shi)在(zai)防(fang)雷施(shi)(shi)工(gong)現場普遍存(cun)在(zai)著人(ren)員繁雜、專業人(ren)員較少(shao)等問題,嚴重影響了防(fang)雷施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的效率與(yu)質量。

二是未能(neng)嚴厲(li)(li)做好(hao)各(ge)防(fang)雷(lei)設(she)施設(she)備(bei)的(de)管理(li)(li)作業(ye)。在防(fang)雷(lei)施工(gong)現場,作業(ye)人員(yuan)一旦(dan)出現違規操作,或未能(neng)嚴厲(li)(li)做好(hao)各(ge)設(she)施設(she)備(bei)的(de)維修保護與管理(li)(li)作業(ye),將極易引(yin)發安全事(shi)端。

三(san)是缺(que)少監管機制(zhi)。未能(neng)嚴厲做(zuo)好防(fang)雷施工(gong)現(xian)(xian)場各個環節的監督與(yu)管理作業,進而導(dao)致施工(gong)現(xian)(xian)場的安全危險(xian)眾多,不僅(jin)會影響防(fang)雷施工(gong)的效果,甚至還會危及(ji)生命。


3.電涌保護器設備條件沖突


隨(sui)著科技的(de)(de)不(bu)斷展開,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)企業在(zai)防(fang)雷工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)設(she)備(bei)(bei)逐(zhu)漸完善(shan)。依據防(fang)雷工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)要求(qiu),在(zai)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)(bei)中必須要設(she)備(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涌(yong)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi),以來確保(bao)(bao)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)安全。防(fang)雷工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)項體系工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涌(yong)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)再設(she)備(bei)(bei),加劇了(le)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)負擔和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)費用,顧(gu)客令難(nan)以接(jie)受,這(zhe)樣一(yi)來就出現了(le)矛盾。一(yi)方(fang)面是(shi)(shi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位還沒(mei)有(you)(you)較好的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)(bei)水平,另一(yi)方(fang)面是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涌(yong)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)沒(mei)有(you)(you)備(bei)(bei)案記(ji)錄,二者之間的(de)(de)分離(li),這(zhe)就形成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涌(yong)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)設(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)沖突。建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)主體檢(jian)驗(yan)不(bu)要求(qiu)設(she)備(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涌(yong)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi),然而不(bu)設(she)備(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涌(yong)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)設(she)備(bei)(bei),將會導致防(fang)雷工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)檢(jian)驗(yan)不(bu)能夠順(shun)(shun)利(li)經過,建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)防(fang)雷工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)能夠順(shun)(shun)利(li)完工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。


二  防雷工程檢驗與防雷商場監管的有用措施


1.做好前期的防雷檢驗準備


在(zai)高層建筑(zhu)(zhu)防雷檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)中,應做好前期的(de)準備(bei)作業,經過對(dui)實(shi)踐情況勘(kan)察和了解,由檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)技能人(ren)員(yuan)編(bian)制合(he)理。完(wan)善(shan)的(de)書(shu)面(mian)(mian)報告,內(nei)(nei)容詳盡,清晰檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)內(nei)(nei)容、標(biao)準、數據和具體(ti)措施(shi)。經過書(shu)面(mian)(mian)報告形式(shi)來(lai)履行職責到(dao)實(shi)處,強化相關(guan)部分職能,并(bing)對(dui)施(shi)工全(quan)進程監(jian)管和操控,把(ba)握建筑(zhu)(zhu)工程施(shi)工進度和全(quan)體(ti)質(zhi)量,上一個環節質(zhi)量檢(jian)(jian)查符合(he)要求后,方可(ke)進行下一個環節,以此來(lai)最大程度規(gui)避安(an)全(quan)事端的(de)出現。


2.加強防雷工程進程監管


住宅和(he)(he)城鄉(xiang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)部分(fen)在建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)單位(wei)托(tuo)(tuo)付防(fang)雷檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)根底上,可(ke)視防(fang)雷工(gong)程重要性、施工(gong)企業信(xin)譽等(deng)方面(mian),遵循差異化管理的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa),托(tuo)(tuo)付有(you)資質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)機(ji)構(gou)展開(kai)必要的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)督抽(chou)(chou)測,履行(xing)國發[2016]11號中審批部分(fen)托(tuo)(tuo)付有(you)關機(ji)構(gou)展開(kai)新建(jian)(jian)、改建(jian)(jian)、擴建(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(構(gou))筑(zhu)物防(fang)雷設(she)(she)備檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu),上級部分(fen)應(ying)保(bao)證(zheng)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)經費,如同(tong)涉及(ji)結構(gou)安全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)混凝土和(he)(he)鋼筋(jin)等(deng)工(gong)程實體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)督抽(chou)(chou)測相(xiang)同(tong),可(ke)由(you)住宅和(he)(he)城鄉(xiang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)部分(fen)或其托(tuo)(tuo)付的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程質(zhi)量監(jian)督機(ji)構(gou)具體(ti)施行(xing)。依據《浙江省雷電(dian)(dian)災害防(fang)御和(he)(he)應(ying)急(ji)方法(fa)(fa)》有(you)關規定,建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)單位(wei)應(ying)當托(tuo)(tuo)付具有(you)相(xiang)應(ying)資質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)測機(ji)構(gou)對雷電(dian)(dian)防(fang)御設(she)(she)備的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)施行(xing)跟蹤檢(jian)測,雷電(dian)(dian)防(fang)御設(she)(she)備竣工(gong)后,應(ying)當經氣(qi)象主管機(ji)構(gou)竣工(gong)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan),設(she)(she)備雷電(dian)(dian)防(fang)御設(she)(she)備的(de)(de)(de)單位(wei)應(ying)當對雷電(dian)(dian)防(fang)御設(she)(she)備進(jin)行(xing)經常性的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)、保(bao)養,并托(tuo)(tuo)付雷電(dian)(dian)防(fang)御設(she)(she)備檢(jian)測機(ji)構(gou)施行(xing)定期(qi)安全(quan)檢(jian)測。


3.建立完善的安全管理規章準則


建立完善的安全管理規章準則主要從以下幾個方面(mian)入手:

一是嚴(yan)厲履(lv)行持證上崗準(zhun)則,防(fang)(fang)雷施工(gong)與(yu)管(guan)理人(ren)員必須經過培訓考(kao)試,取得上崗證才(cai)能參與(yu)到(dao)防(fang)(fang)雷施作業業當(dang)中。定期針對防(fang)(fang)雷施工(gong)與(yu)管(guan)理人(ren)員進(jin)行考(kao)核,并記入到(dao)個(ge)人(ren)檔(dang)案當(dang)中,以此作為職工(gong)提(ti)薪(xin)與(yu)晉(jin)級(ji)的重要依據(ju)。

二(er)是強(qiang)化防(fang)雷(lei)施(shi)(shi)工現(xian)場安全(quan)管(guan)理作業,并建立應(ying)急(ji)管(guan)理準則,使施(shi)(shi)工人員與管(guan)理人員應(ying)當(dang)(dang)突(tu)發(fa)事件(jian)的(de)能力完成顯著提升(sheng)。別的(de),在防(fang)雷(lei)施(shi)(shi)工現(xian)場施(shi)(shi)工進(jin)(jin)程中,相關(guan)的(de)設計人員應(ying)當(dang)(dang)深入底(di)層進(jin)(jin)行輔導,一旦(dan)發(fa)現(xian)施(shi)(shi)工現(xian)場出(chu)現(xian)技能問題必須第一時間進(jin)(jin)行指(zhi)正,以確保防(fang)雷(lei)施(shi)(shi)工現(xian)場各(ge)個環節的(de)安全(quan)性。

三是構建完善的(de)監督與(yu)管(guan)理機制,嚴厲(li)做好(hao)防雷工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)現場的(de)安全(quan)(quan)檢查(cha)(cha)與(yu)監督作(zuo)業,同(tong)時施工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位還(huan)應當不定期(qi)進(jin)行抽查(cha)(cha)或組織安全(quan)(quan)自查(cha)(cha),一旦(dan)發現問題必須(xu)立即進(jin)行處理,以保證(zheng)防雷施工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量。


4.加強防雷底層安全整治操作剖析


按照政(zheng)府(fu)企(qi)事(shi)業單位主(zhu)體職責(ze)(ze)劃分的(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong),清晰專業發(fa)揮的(de)(de)服務形式標準,重視防(fang)雷(lei)安(an)(an)全監督管(guan)控建設流(liu)程剖(pou)(pou)析(xi)。按照防(fang)雷(lei)安(an)(an)全的(de)(de)各(ge)類危(wei)險(xian)問題,及時(shi)排(pai)查(cha)(cha)(cha),及時(shi)整頓,進(jin)一步的(de)(de)清晰防(fang)雷(lei)安(an)(an)全檢查(cha)(cha)(cha)剖(pou)(pou)析(xi)進(jin)程,施行(xing)(xing)(xing)必要(yao)的(de)(de)督導、指責(ze)(ze)劃分,清晰防(fang)雷(lei)安(an)(an)全檢查(cha)(cha)(cha)進(jin)程。依(yi)據具體的(de)(de)督導、輔導思路,確定職責(ze)(ze)、權限、效(xiao)果(guo),切實剖(pou)(pou)析(xi)防(fang)雷(lei)安(an)(an)全監督管(guan)控與專家危(wei)險(xian)履行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)檢查(cha)(cha)(cha)重點思路,將政(zheng)府(fu)督導納入到(dao)具體的(de)(de)范疇思路中,推(tui)行(xing)(xing)(xing)防(fang)雷(lei)安(an)(an)全危(wei)險(xian)的(de)(de)整治(zhi)操作(zuo)剖(pou)(pou)析(xi)。按照底層防(fang)雷(lei)對整個(ge)體系進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)強化,嚴厲遵照防(fang)控危(wei)險(xian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)排(pai)查(cha)(cha)(cha),剖(pou)(pou)析(xi)事(shi)端(duan),調查(cha)(cha)(cha)信息,及時(shi)發(fa)布(bu)應(ying)(ying)急物資儲備(bei)作(zuo)業,組織展開應(ying)(ying)急演練(lian),處理現(xian)場(chang)醫療救治(zhi)的(de)(de)相關(guan)(guan)事(shi)端(duan)問題,提升應(ying)(ying)急指揮決策(ce)剖(pou)(pou)析(xi),對事(shi)端(duan)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)響應(ying)(ying),展開醫療救治(zhi)操作(zuo),調整雷(lei)電相關(guan)(guan)事(shi)端(duan)災(zai)害(hai)處理水平。


5.各部分依法履行各項職能


在(zai)《氣象法》中(zhong),氣象部分(fen)對(dui)于(yu)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)檢驗(yan)作(zuo)業具有清晰的(de)要(yao)求,嚴厲審(shen)查個管理防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)公司和防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員,對(dui)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員的(de)技(ji)能水(shui)平要(yao)充(chong)沛的(de)了解,以來(lai)確(que)保(bao)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)商場(chang)的(de)秩序穩定(ding)性,防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)安全(quan)性。然而,在(zai)實踐(jian)檢驗(yan)的(de)進程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong),我(wo)國(guo)的(de)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)還存在(zai)很多的(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)。氣象部分(fen)在(zai)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)檢驗(yan)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)上,存在(zai)著一些(xie)誤解,對(dui)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)審(shen)批數量(liang)(liang)不清晰,審(shen)批數量(liang)(liang)過多,對(dui)自身在(zai)商場(chang)競爭中(zhong)形(xing)成一定(ding)的(de)威脅。因此,氣象部分(fen)加(jia)強對(dui)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)作(zuo)業考察,應加(jia)強施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)監(jian)測力(li)度,發揮氣象管理機構在(zai)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)監(jian)管作(zuo)業中(zhong)的(de)效果,為我(wo)國(guo)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)商場(chang)奠定(ding)良好的(de)根底。


結語


綜上所述,當前城市化(hua)(hua)進(jin)程不斷加(jia)快下,高(gao)層建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的建(jian)(jian)設(she)規(gui)模不斷擴大,易受到(dao)(dao)雷擊損壞,威脅到(dao)(dao)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)全(quan)體安全(quan)。相信在不就得將(jiang)來防(fang)雷檢驗技能將(jiang)會朝著信息化(hua)(hua)展(zhan)開,防(fang)雷安全(quan)監督(du)管(guan)控平臺建(jian)(jian)設(she)進(jin)程中,按照防(fang)雷安全(quan)準(zhun)則標準(zhun)、安全(quan)應用(yong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)流程,結合(he)防(fang)雷具體操作,施(shi)行(xing)有用(yong)的物流信息體系建(jian)(jian)設(she)剖析,提高(gao)防(fang)雷工程檢驗與商場(chang)監督(du)水平。

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