關鍵詞:防雷工程;工程檢驗;防雷監督(du);商場監督(du)
導言
隨著(zhu)防雷(lei)減災體制變革(ge)(ge)不(bu)斷推(tui)進(jin),檢(jian)驗(yan)商場全面(mian)開放,氣象局堅定不(bu)移、為(wei)加快(kuai)推(tui)進(jin)防雷(lei)減災體制變革(ge)(ge)進(jin)程,防雷(lei)檢(jian)驗(yan)部分能否在變革(ge)(ge)中(zhong)順利完成自我改造(zao)(zao)已成為(wei)當(dang)今熱議的話題。在全面(mian)履行(xing)變革(ge)(ge)的進(jin)程中(zhong),氣象局堅持以“互聯(lian)網+”為(wei)驅動,以行(xing)政法律監管平(ping)臺為(wei)核心,著(zhu)力打造(zao)(zao)一個信息化、智能化、個性化、精約化的防雷(lei)服務移動終端,從而推(tui)動防雷(lei)服務的立異展開。
一 防雷工程檢驗與防雷商場監管中問題剖析
1.防雷工程檢驗中存在的問題
防雷工(gong)程(cheng)檢(jian)驗中,主要有以下幾種情況:
一清晰規定(ding)在防(fang)雷施工(gong)(gong)進(jin)程中(zhong),電(dian)位(wei)箱內必須要設(she)備有6到(dao)(dao)8根(gen)接(jie)入地上的鍍鋅扁鐵。然(ran)而在工(gong)(gong)程檢驗的進(jin)程中(zhong),電(dian)位(wei)箱內設(she)備的鍍鋅扁鐵的數量達不到(dao)(dao)設(she)計需要,施工(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)為了(le)活取得更多的利益偷(tou)工(gong)(gong)減(jian)料;
二依據(ju)防雷(lei)工程的(de)設計要求,電位(wei)箱內應(ying)貼有清晰標(biao)識和(he)分清楚電路(lu)的(de)鏈(lian)接(jie)(jie)情況,還(huan)應(ying)重視防雷(lei)體(ti)系的(de)暖氣接(jie)(jie)地和(he)消防等情況,但實踐操(cao)作中電位(wei)箱內電路(lu)一(yi)片混亂(luan),不易(yi)看出;
三在公共場所(suo)內(nei),要設備有(you)電位箱(xiang),以此來(lai)確(que)保用電安(an)全,以免發生(sheng)安(an)全事端,形成(cheng)巨大(da)的損(sun)失(shi)。在實踐防(fang)雷工(gong)程(cheng)的進程(cheng)中,常常發現設備人(ren)員忽略(lve)電位箱(xiang)的設備;
四建筑工程施工中,應注明設(she)備防(fang)雷工程的(de)部分,清(qing)晰(xi)防(fang)雷設(she)備出(chu)產廠家,清(qing)晰(xi)職責主體。然而在(zai)防(fang)雷工程設(she)備進程中,常常沒(mei)有注明出(chu)產廠商(shang)和施工單(dan)位(wei)。這些問題存在(zai)著很(hen)大的(de)安全危險(xian),如果不及時修正,就會給國家和人民帶(dai)來巨(ju)大的(de)災難。
2.安全管理規章準則不完善
一是(shi)未遵循持(chi)證上崗準則。防(fang)雷單(dan)位應當嚴厲(li)做好職工(gong)的管理作業,嚴厲(li)持(chi)證上崗準則。但是(shi)在(zai)防(fang)雷施(shi)(shi)工(gong)現場普遍存(cun)在(zai)著人(ren)員繁雜、專業人(ren)員較少(shao)等問題,嚴重影響了防(fang)雷施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的效率與(yu)質量。
二是未能(neng)嚴厲(li)(li)做好(hao)各(ge)防(fang)雷(lei)設(she)施設(she)備(bei)的(de)管理(li)(li)作業(ye)。在防(fang)雷(lei)施工(gong)現場,作業(ye)人員(yuan)一旦(dan)出現違規操作,或未能(neng)嚴厲(li)(li)做好(hao)各(ge)設(she)施設(she)備(bei)的(de)維修保護與管理(li)(li)作業(ye),將極易引(yin)發安全事(shi)端。
三(san)是缺(que)少監管機制(zhi)。未能(neng)嚴厲做(zuo)好防(fang)雷施工(gong)現(xian)(xian)場各個環節的監督與(yu)管理作業,進而導(dao)致施工(gong)現(xian)(xian)場的安全危險(xian)眾多,不僅(jin)會影響防(fang)雷施工(gong)的效果,甚至還會危及(ji)生命。
3.電涌保護器設備條件沖突
隨(sui)著科技的(de)(de)不(bu)斷展開,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)企業在(zai)防(fang)雷工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)設(she)備(bei)(bei)逐(zhu)漸完善(shan)。依據防(fang)雷工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)要求(qiu),在(zai)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)(bei)中必須要設(she)備(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涌(yong)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi),以來確保(bao)(bao)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)安全。防(fang)雷工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)項體系工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涌(yong)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)再設(she)備(bei)(bei),加劇了(le)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)負擔和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)費用,顧(gu)客令難(nan)以接(jie)受,這(zhe)樣一(yi)來就出現了(le)矛盾。一(yi)方(fang)面是(shi)(shi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位還沒(mei)有(you)(you)較好的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)(bei)水平,另一(yi)方(fang)面是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涌(yong)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)沒(mei)有(you)(you)備(bei)(bei)案記(ji)錄,二者之間的(de)(de)分離(li),這(zhe)就形成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涌(yong)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)設(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)沖突。建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)主體檢(jian)驗(yan)不(bu)要求(qiu)設(she)備(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涌(yong)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi),然而不(bu)設(she)備(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涌(yong)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)設(she)備(bei)(bei),將會導致防(fang)雷工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)檢(jian)驗(yan)不(bu)能夠順(shun)(shun)利(li)經過,建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)防(fang)雷工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)能夠順(shun)(shun)利(li)完工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。
二 防雷工程檢驗與防雷商場監管的有用措施
1.做好前期的防雷檢驗準備
在(zai)高層建筑(zhu)(zhu)防雷檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)中,應做好前期的(de)準備(bei)作業,經過對(dui)實(shi)踐情況勘(kan)察和了解,由檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)技能人(ren)員(yuan)編(bian)制合(he)理。完(wan)善(shan)的(de)書(shu)面(mian)(mian)報告,內(nei)(nei)容詳盡,清晰檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)內(nei)(nei)容、標(biao)準、數據和具體(ti)措施(shi)。經過書(shu)面(mian)(mian)報告形式(shi)來(lai)履行職責到(dao)實(shi)處,強化相關(guan)部分職能,并(bing)對(dui)施(shi)工全(quan)進程監(jian)管和操控,把(ba)握建筑(zhu)(zhu)工程施(shi)工進度和全(quan)體(ti)質(zhi)量,上一個環節質(zhi)量檢(jian)(jian)查符合(he)要求后,方可(ke)進行下一個環節,以此來(lai)最大程度規(gui)避安(an)全(quan)事端的(de)出現。
2.加強防雷工程進程監管
住宅和(he)(he)城鄉(xiang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)部分(fen)在建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)單位(wei)托(tuo)(tuo)付防(fang)雷檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)根底上,可(ke)視防(fang)雷工(gong)程重要性、施工(gong)企業信(xin)譽等(deng)方面(mian),遵循差異化管理的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa),托(tuo)(tuo)付有(you)資質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)機(ji)構(gou)展開(kai)必要的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)督抽(chou)(chou)測,履行(xing)國發[2016]11號中審批部分(fen)托(tuo)(tuo)付有(you)關機(ji)構(gou)展開(kai)新建(jian)(jian)、改建(jian)(jian)、擴建(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(構(gou))筑(zhu)物防(fang)雷設(she)(she)備檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu),上級部分(fen)應(ying)保(bao)證(zheng)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)經費,如同(tong)涉及(ji)結構(gou)安全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)混凝土和(he)(he)鋼筋(jin)等(deng)工(gong)程實體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)督抽(chou)(chou)測相(xiang)同(tong),可(ke)由(you)住宅和(he)(he)城鄉(xiang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)部分(fen)或其托(tuo)(tuo)付的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程質(zhi)量監(jian)督機(ji)構(gou)具體(ti)施行(xing)。依據《浙江省雷電(dian)(dian)災害防(fang)御和(he)(he)應(ying)急(ji)方法(fa)(fa)》有(you)關規定,建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)單位(wei)應(ying)當托(tuo)(tuo)付具有(you)相(xiang)應(ying)資質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)測機(ji)構(gou)對雷電(dian)(dian)防(fang)御設(she)(she)備的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)施行(xing)跟蹤檢(jian)測,雷電(dian)(dian)防(fang)御設(she)(she)備竣工(gong)后,應(ying)當經氣(qi)象主管機(ji)構(gou)竣工(gong)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan),設(she)(she)備雷電(dian)(dian)防(fang)御設(she)(she)備的(de)(de)(de)單位(wei)應(ying)當對雷電(dian)(dian)防(fang)御設(she)(she)備進(jin)行(xing)經常性的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)、保(bao)養,并托(tuo)(tuo)付雷電(dian)(dian)防(fang)御設(she)(she)備檢(jian)測機(ji)構(gou)施行(xing)定期(qi)安全(quan)檢(jian)測。
3.建立完善的安全管理規章準則
建立完善的安全管理規章準則主要從以下幾個方面(mian)入手:
一是嚴(yan)厲履(lv)行持證上崗準(zhun)則,防(fang)(fang)雷施工(gong)與(yu)管(guan)理人(ren)員必須經過培訓考(kao)試,取得上崗證才(cai)能參與(yu)到(dao)防(fang)(fang)雷施作業業當(dang)中。定期針對防(fang)(fang)雷施工(gong)與(yu)管(guan)理人(ren)員進(jin)行考(kao)核,并記入到(dao)個(ge)人(ren)檔(dang)案當(dang)中,以此作為職工(gong)提(ti)薪(xin)與(yu)晉(jin)級(ji)的重要依據(ju)。
二(er)是強(qiang)化防(fang)雷(lei)施(shi)(shi)工現(xian)場安全(quan)管(guan)理作業,并建立應(ying)急(ji)管(guan)理準則,使施(shi)(shi)工人員與管(guan)理人員應(ying)當(dang)(dang)突(tu)發(fa)事件(jian)的(de)能力完成顯著提升(sheng)。別的(de),在防(fang)雷(lei)施(shi)(shi)工現(xian)場施(shi)(shi)工進(jin)(jin)程中,相關(guan)的(de)設計人員應(ying)當(dang)(dang)深入底(di)層進(jin)(jin)行輔導,一旦(dan)發(fa)現(xian)施(shi)(shi)工現(xian)場出(chu)現(xian)技能問題必須第一時間進(jin)(jin)行指(zhi)正,以確保防(fang)雷(lei)施(shi)(shi)工現(xian)場各(ge)個環節的(de)安全(quan)性。
三是構建完善的(de)監督與(yu)管(guan)理機制,嚴厲(li)做好(hao)防雷工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)現場的(de)安全(quan)(quan)檢查(cha)(cha)與(yu)監督作(zuo)業,同(tong)時施工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位還(huan)應當不定期(qi)進(jin)行抽查(cha)(cha)或組織安全(quan)(quan)自查(cha)(cha),一旦(dan)發現問題必須(xu)立即進(jin)行處理,以保證(zheng)防雷施工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量。
4.加強防雷底層安全整治操作剖析
按照政(zheng)府(fu)企(qi)事(shi)業單位主(zhu)體職責(ze)(ze)劃分的(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong),清晰專業發(fa)揮的(de)(de)服務形式標準,重視防(fang)雷(lei)安(an)(an)全監督管(guan)控建設流(liu)程剖(pou)(pou)析(xi)。按照防(fang)雷(lei)安(an)(an)全的(de)(de)各(ge)類危(wei)險(xian)問題,及時(shi)排(pai)查(cha)(cha)(cha),及時(shi)整頓,進(jin)一步的(de)(de)清晰防(fang)雷(lei)安(an)(an)全檢查(cha)(cha)(cha)剖(pou)(pou)析(xi)進(jin)程,施行(xing)(xing)(xing)必要(yao)的(de)(de)督導、指責(ze)(ze)劃分,清晰防(fang)雷(lei)安(an)(an)全檢查(cha)(cha)(cha)進(jin)程。依(yi)據具體的(de)(de)督導、輔導思路,確定職責(ze)(ze)、權限、效(xiao)果(guo),切實剖(pou)(pou)析(xi)防(fang)雷(lei)安(an)(an)全監督管(guan)控與專家危(wei)險(xian)履行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)檢查(cha)(cha)(cha)重點思路,將政(zheng)府(fu)督導納入到(dao)具體的(de)(de)范疇思路中,推(tui)行(xing)(xing)(xing)防(fang)雷(lei)安(an)(an)全危(wei)險(xian)的(de)(de)整治(zhi)操作(zuo)剖(pou)(pou)析(xi)。按照底層防(fang)雷(lei)對整個(ge)體系進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)強化,嚴厲遵照防(fang)控危(wei)險(xian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)排(pai)查(cha)(cha)(cha),剖(pou)(pou)析(xi)事(shi)端(duan),調查(cha)(cha)(cha)信息,及時(shi)發(fa)布(bu)應(ying)(ying)急物資儲備(bei)作(zuo)業,組織展開應(ying)(ying)急演練(lian),處理現(xian)場(chang)醫療救治(zhi)的(de)(de)相關(guan)(guan)事(shi)端(duan)問題,提升應(ying)(ying)急指揮決策(ce)剖(pou)(pou)析(xi),對事(shi)端(duan)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)響應(ying)(ying),展開醫療救治(zhi)操作(zuo),調整雷(lei)電相關(guan)(guan)事(shi)端(duan)災(zai)害(hai)處理水平。
5.各部分依法履行各項職能
在(zai)《氣象法》中(zhong),氣象部分(fen)對(dui)于(yu)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)檢驗(yan)作(zuo)業具有清晰的(de)要(yao)求,嚴厲審(shen)查個管理防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)公司和防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員,對(dui)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員的(de)技(ji)能水(shui)平要(yao)充(chong)沛的(de)了解,以來(lai)確(que)保(bao)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)商場(chang)的(de)秩序穩定(ding)性,防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)安全(quan)性。然而,在(zai)實踐(jian)檢驗(yan)的(de)進程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong),我(wo)國(guo)的(de)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)還存在(zai)很多的(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)。氣象部分(fen)在(zai)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)檢驗(yan)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)上,存在(zai)著一些(xie)誤解,對(dui)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)審(shen)批數量(liang)(liang)不清晰,審(shen)批數量(liang)(liang)過多,對(dui)自身在(zai)商場(chang)競爭中(zhong)形(xing)成一定(ding)的(de)威脅。因此,氣象部分(fen)加(jia)強對(dui)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)作(zuo)業考察,應加(jia)強施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)監(jian)測力(li)度,發揮氣象管理機構在(zai)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)監(jian)管作(zuo)業中(zhong)的(de)效果,為我(wo)國(guo)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)商場(chang)奠定(ding)良好的(de)根底。
結語
綜上所述,當前城市化(hua)(hua)進(jin)程不斷加(jia)快下,高(gao)層建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的建(jian)(jian)設(she)規(gui)模不斷擴大,易受到(dao)(dao)雷擊損壞,威脅到(dao)(dao)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)全(quan)體安全(quan)。相信在不就得將(jiang)來防(fang)雷檢驗技能將(jiang)會朝著信息化(hua)(hua)展(zhan)開,防(fang)雷安全(quan)監督(du)管(guan)控平臺建(jian)(jian)設(she)進(jin)程中,按照防(fang)雷安全(quan)準(zhun)則標準(zhun)、安全(quan)應用(yong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)流程,結合(he)防(fang)雷具體操作,施(shi)行(xing)有用(yong)的物流信息體系建(jian)(jian)設(she)剖析,提高(gao)防(fang)雷工程檢驗與商場(chang)監督(du)水平。