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地鐵智能防雷措施分析

日期: 2022/6/27 18:47:40     瀏覽人數:

如今,人(ren)類科學技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)已經(jing)進入(ru)了(le)(le)高度信(xin)息(xi)(xi)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)階(jie)段,給人(ren)類帶(dai)來(lai)了(le)(le)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)化 前所未有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方便快捷,近年來(lai)地(di)鐵(tie)建設中大量(liang)新(xin)建車(che)站實現了(le)(le)智能(neng)化。特別(bie)是隨著電子(zi)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)快速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),各(ge)種先進的(de)(de)(de)(de)測量(liang)、控制、電信(xin)、計算機等電子(zi)產品越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)廣泛地(di)應用于其中,特別(bie)是計算機技(ji)術與通信(xin)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),電子(zi)設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)集成、大規模集成和(he)(he)新(xin)型網絡通信(xin)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)在促進和(he)(he)促進信(xin)息(xi)(xi)時代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)方面(mian)(mian)發(fa)(fa)揮了(le)(le)重要作用;但另一(yi)方面(mian)(mian),這些微電子(zi)儀器設備一(yi)般(ban)具有(you)絕緣(yuan)強度低、過電壓耐(nai)受性(xing)差等致命(ming)弱點。一(yi)旦受到雷擊和(he)(he)浪涌過電壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang),這些電子(zi)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)就會(hui)中斷,設備就會(hui)永久損(sun)壞,其他相(xiang)關系統(tong)就會(hui)中斷癱(tan)瘓,導(dao)致不可估量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)接(jie)和(he)(he)間接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)大經(jing)濟損(sun)失和(he)(he)深遠(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。特別(bie)是對于地(di)鐵(tie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全運行(xing),地(di)面(mian)(mian)線路和(he)(he)車(che)站的(de)(de)(de)(de)雷擊越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)頻繁,這直(zhi)接(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)了(le)(le)城市(shi)鐵(tie)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全運行(xing)。因此(ci),不僅(jin)需要加強對雷電的(de)(de)(de)(de)保護(hu)。

地鐵智能防雷解決方案具體防護方法

1.電源系統的防雷和過電壓保護

由于計算機(ji)信息系(xi)統(tong)中心機(ji)房(fang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)由車站配(pei)電(dian)(dian)室(shi)引入的(de),電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)高壓(ya)端(duan)的(de)防雷(lei)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)已(yi)由電(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)部門(men)實(shi)施。因此,對(dui)于機(ji)房(fang)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)防雷(lei),采(cai)用以下(xia)防雷(lei)方案:車站低壓(ya)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)柜系(xi)統(tong)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)一(yi)級間隙放電(dian)(dian)防雷(lei)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu):計算機(ji)專用配(pei)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)路設計安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)防雷(lei)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)柜采(cai)用三級防雷(lei)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)在UPS 輸入端(duan)) : UPS 電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)輸出(chu)端(duan)進行(xing)一(yi)級過電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)防雷(lei)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu);終端(duan)設備電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)輸入端(duan)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)防雷(lei)箱進行(xing)終端(duan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)防雷(lei)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu);

2、 UPS電源系統的防雷保護

一般機(ji)房(fang)大UPS 由(you)于不間斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)設備(bei)為(wei)機(ji)房(fang)部分負荷提供(gong)安全可靠(kao)的(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運行模式,UPS它是為(wei)機(ji)房(fang)內計算機(ji)信息(xi)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備(bei)提供(gong)穩(wen)定、可靠(kao)、高質量(liang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣環境的(de)唯一重要設備(bei),也(ye)是市政電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸入(ru)(ru)機(ji)房(fang)的(de)主要途徑。因此(ci),我們專注于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)UPS不間斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)輸入(ru)(ru)和(he)輸出端的(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)。即(ji)防雷(lei)保(bao)護(hu)(hu).設計采用一級(ji)火(huo)花(hua)間隙放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)UPS兩級(ji)半導體過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)防雷(lei)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)安裝在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸入(ru)(ru)端,解耦器安裝在三(san)(san)級(ji)雷(lei)擊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器之(zhi)間,協調各(ge)級(ji)雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)波(bo)或(huo)浪(lang)(lang)涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)有效吸(xi)收和(he)釋放(fang)(fang)。在三(san)(san)級(ji)防雷(lei)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)中,一級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)為(wei)粗保(bao)護(hu)(hu),直接防雷(lei),吸(xi)收約90%的(de)大能量(liang)雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu);二(er)級(ji)為(wei)中級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu),選用浪(lang)(lang)涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器,即(ji)半導體放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器,進一步(bu)吸(xi)收雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu);三(san)(san)級(ji)為(wei)細(xi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu),浪(lang)(lang)涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器也(ye)用于基本吸(xi)收殘(can)余雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu),通過(guo)地線泄漏到地面。二(er)、三(san)(san)級(ji)采用過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)裝置進行有效吸(xi)收,一級(ji)變量(liang)解耦后(hou)的(de)4000伏(fu)殘(can)壓(ya)降至900伏(fu),二(er)級(ji)變量(liang)解耦后(hou)的(de)900伏(fu)殘(can)壓(ya)限制在550伏(fu)以下(xia)。同時(shi),三(san)(san)級(ji)還將(jiang)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)由(you)吸(xi)收線路上的(de)感性(xing)負載(zai)和(he)容(rong)性(xing)負載(zai)引起(qi)的(de)浪(lang)(lang)涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)相應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)引起(qi)的(de)誤輸入(ru)(ru)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。

地鐵防雷示意圖

3.終端設備的電源防雷保護

計算機(ji)(ji)信(xin)息系統中心(xin)機(ji)(ji)房設(she)(she)備包(bao)括小型機(ji)(ji)器、服務器、交換機(ji)(ji)、路(lu)由(you)器等(deng),為確保設(she)(she)備安(an)全,從電(dian)源配電(dian)室到機(ji)(ji)房有(you)一定距(ju)離,感應(ying)雷害無處不在,同時(shi)考慮到電(dian)網浪(lang)涌可能對設(she)(she)備產生影響(xiang),我們(men)在網絡設(she)(she)備電(dian)源輸入端安(an)裝電(dian)源防雷箱,實現終端電(dian)氣設(she)(she)備的精細(xi)保護(hu)(hu)。同時(shi),我們(men)還將采用上述保護(hu)(hu)原理對其他(ta)重要設(she)(she)備實施相同電(dian)源終端的防雷保護(hu)(hu),以確保整個計算機(ji)(ji)信(xin)息系統核心(xin)部分的安(an)全運行。

4、通訊、網絡系統的防雷與過電壓保護

信號系統浪(lang)涌電壓的(de)主要來源是感應雷擊、電磁干(gan)(gan)擾、無線(xian)電干(gan)(gan)擾和(he)靜(jing)電干(gan)(gan)擾。受這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)干(gan)(gan)擾信號的(de)影響(xiang),金(jin)屬物(wu)體(如(ru)傳輸(shu)線(xian))會導致傳輸(shu)中的(de)數(shu)據代碼錯誤,影響(xiang)傳輸(shu)的(de)準確(que)性(xing)和(he)傳輸(shu)速率。消除這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)干(gan)(gan)擾將改善網絡的(de)傳輸(shu)狀態。通(tong)信系統防雷包括從室外到室內(nei).主線(xian)包括電話(hua)線(xian)、專線(xian)、網線(xian)。

這兩(liang)部分線路由室外傳輸線路直接(jie)引入機房,與傳真機、調(diao)制(zhi)解(jie)調(diao)器、路由器等(deng)設(she)備相連。通(tong)常(chang),這兩(liang)部分線路最容(rong)易(yi)引入室內過電壓(ya),破(po)壞通(tong)信(xin)設(she)備,這是機房通(tong)信(xin)設(she)備保護的重點(dian)。因此,防(fang)雷器應安裝在連接(jie)到(dao)這些進線的設(she)備上。

一般而(er)言,網(wang)絡設備(bei)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)集中,MODEM、 SWITCH、 ROUTER、 HUB等(deng)設備(bei)均安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在19 在標準機柜中,由于剩余空間位(wei)置小,建議選擇組合防(fang)雷裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置,即每10對(dui)線1組,可插入模塊結構(gou),大大節省安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)位(wei)置,方(fang)便安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)更換。

5.保護局域網線路

雖然局域網線(xian)路(lu)通常布(bu)置(zhi)在(zai)室內,但由于設(she)備接口(kou)耐壓性低,增加.在(zai)線(xian)路(lu)屏蔽(bi)、布(bu)線(xian)距離、布(bu)線(xian)方式等諸多因素的(de)(de)影響下,感應雷(lei)(lei)擊和浪涌過(guo)電(dian)壓可能(neng)會通過(guo)網絡線(xian)損壞設(she)備連(lian)接端口(kou)。考慮到網絡帶(dai)寬(kuan)(kuan)的(de)(de)現狀和發展,防雷(lei)(lei)安全器的(de)(de)傳輸速率為(wei)100M Bit/S,它可滿(man)足將(jiang)來網絡帶(dai)寬(kuan)(kuan)不(bu)斷(duan)升級的(de)(de)要求。

某地鐵站實拍

6、接地系統

按(an)照(zhao)國家標準GB50174-93《電子計算(suan)機房設計規范(fan)》規定,接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)電阻(zu)不得大于4W,根據1EC1024年(nian),機房交(jiao)流(liu)工作(zuo)接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)、安全保護接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)、直流(liu)工作(zuo)接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)、防雷接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)等四種接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)應共用一組(zu)接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)裝(zhuang)置。

但由于(yu)部分計算機設(she)備(bei)的(de)工(gong)作狀態不同(tong),接地系統難以實現,建議(yi)采用等(deng)電位理論,實現瞬時等(deng)電位模式和正(zheng)常(chang)的(de)獨立(li)接地模式(即(ji)機房(fang)接地系統與其他(ta)通信、安(an)全保護(hu)、防雷軟連接)。

目前(qian),中央機(ji)(ji)房(fang)的供(gong)電系(xi)統采(cai)用三相五(wu)線制送入機(ji)(ji)房(fang)電源(yuan)室,機(ji)(ji)房(fang)接地電阻應

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